Access point selection

ABSTRACT

Disclosed aspects relate to access point selection. A set of beacon frame transmission data for a set of access points may be collected by a computing device. The computing device may use the set of beacon frame transmission data for the set of access points to determine to establish a connection utilizing a first access point of the set of access points. The computing device may establish the connection utilizing the first access point.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates generally to computer systems and, moreparticularly, relates to management of access point selection. Computingdevices may make use of access points to connect to wireless networks.The number of wireless networks available for use by computing devicesis increasing. As the number of available wireless networks increases,the need for management of access point selection may also increase.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the disclosure relate to management of access point selectionfor computing devices. Access points may be selected for computingdevices to facilitate data communication between computing devices andwireless networks. Information regarding the beacon frames, maximumbandwidth, and number of connected devices for one or more access pointmay be collected. The collected information may be used to determine thequality (e.g., frame success rate, network speed, available bandwidth)of the network experience offered by the available access points.Indicators of network quality may be stored in a contention-freeparameter field and provided to computing devices. Based on thedetermined quality of the available access points, one or more accesspoints may be selected to establish a connection with a computingdevice. Leveraging beacon frame data and other information mayfacilitate data communication between computing devices and accesspoints.

Disclosed aspects relate to access point selection. A set of beaconframe transmission data for a set of access points may be collected by acomputing device. The computing device may use the set of beacon frametransmission data for the set of access points to determine to establisha connection utilizing a first access point of the set of access points.The computing device may establish the connection utilizing the firstaccess point.

The above summary is not intended to describe each illustratedembodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings included in the present application are incorporated into,and form part of, the specification. They illustrate embodiments of thepresent disclosure and, along with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the disclosure. The drawings are only illustrative ofcertain embodiments and do not limit the disclosure.

FIG. 1 depicts a high-level block diagram of a computer system forimplementing various embodiments of the present disclosure, according toembodiments.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for access point selection,according to embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows an example system for access point selection, according toembodiments.

FIG. 4 shows a beacon frame structure for storage of a set of beaconframe transmission data, according to embodiments.

FIG. 5 shows an example environment for frame success rate calculation,according to embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows an example environment for access point selection,according to embodiments

While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternativeforms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in thedrawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood,however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to theparticular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe spirit and scope of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the disclosure relate to management of access point selectionfor computing devices. Access points may be selected for computingdevices to facilitate data communication between computing devices andwireless networks. Information regarding the beacon frames, maximumbandwidth, and number of connected devices for one or more access pointmay be collected. The collected information may be used to determine thequality (e.g., frame success rate, network speed, available bandwidth)of the network experience offered by the available access points.Indicators of network quality may be stored in a contention-freeparameter field and provided to computing devices. Based on thedetermined quality of the available access points, one or more accesspoints may be selected to establish a connection with a computingdevice. Leveraging beacon frame data and other information mayfacilitate data communication between computing devices and accesspoints.

Connecting to wireless access points is one common method offacilitating network communication. In some environments, multiplewireless access points may be available for connection and use bycomputing devices (e.g., smart phones, tablets, laptop computers).Aspects of the disclosure relate to the recognition that, in situationswith multiple available wireless access points, the access points withthe strongest signal are often prioritized, resulting in networkcongestion as a large number of devices crowd onto particular accesspoints. Accordingly, aspects of the disclosure relate to making use ofbeacon frame data transmitted by access points to evaluate the framesuccess rate (e.g., ratio of beacon frames successfully reachingcomputing devices), available network bandwidth, number of connecteddevices, and other information to determine the access point that isassociated with the highest network quality for a computing device. Inthis way, selection of access points associated with speed,responsiveness, security, flexibility, and reliability may befacilitated.

Aspects of the disclosure include a system, method, and computer programproduct for management of access point selection. Aspects of thedisclosure relate to collecting a set of beacon frame transmission datafor a set of access points. The set of beacon frame transmission datamay be collected by a computing device. In embodiments, the computingdevice may include a mobile computing device which initiates the accesspoint selection in response to a triggering event. In embodiments, thecomputing device may include an access point controller to managenetwork traffic with respect to the set of access points. Inembodiments, a first subset of the set of beacon frame transmission datafor the first access point of the set of access points may indicate afirst frame rate for the first access point. In embodiments, thecomputing device may evaluate a first subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data for the first access point of the set of access pointswith respect to a second subset of the set of beacon frame transmissiondata for a second access point of the set of access points. Based on theevaluating, it may be determined to establish the connection utilizingthe first access point of the set of access points. In embodiments, asecond subset of the set of beacon frame transmission data for a secondaccess point of the set of access points may indicate a second framerate for the second access point. A first factor derived utilizing thefirst frame rate for the first access point and a second factor derivedutilizing the second frame rate for the second access point may becompared. Based on the comparing of the first and second factors, it maybe determined to establish the connection utilizing the first accesspoint of the set of access points.

In embodiments, the computing device may monitor for a set of beaconframes from the set of access points. The computing device may detect afirst set of beacon frames for the first access point, and detect asecond set of beacon frames for a second access point. The computingdevice may collect a first subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data for the first access point and a second subset of theset of beacon frame transmission data for the second access point. Inembodiments, a first frame success rate for the first access point maybe calculated using the first subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data, and a second frame success rate for the second accesspoint may be calculated using the second subset of the set of beaconframe transmission data. Using the frame success rate for the firstaccess point and a first set of other information for the first accesspoint a first connection score may be resolved. Using the frame successrate for the second access point and a second set of other informationfor the second access point, a second connection score may be resolved.Based on the first and second connection scores, the first access pointof the set of access points may be selected. In embodiments, the firstset of other information may include a first set of bandwidthinformation for the first access point and a first device count for thefirst access point, and the second set of other information may includea second set of bandwidth information for the second access point and asecond device count for the second access point. In embodiments, thefirst set of other information may include a first distance between thecomputing device and the first access point, and the second set of otherinformation may include a second distance between the computing deviceand the second access point. Instead of or in addition to distance,other information can include aspects related to a nature environment(e.g., weather such as thunder or heavy rain), an indoor environment(e.g., a wall, a physical obstacle), or human activity (e.g., a radiosignal, physical movements). Various possibilities, combinations, andpermutations are considered.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to determining, by the computing deviceusing the set of beacon frame transmission data for the set of accesspoints, to establish a connection utilizing a first access point of theset of access points. In embodiments, the set of beacon frametransmission data for the set of access points may be analyzed inadvance of establishing the connection. In embodiments, determining toestablish a connection utilizing the first access point of the set ofaccess points may include weighting the set of beacon frame transmissiondata for the set of access points with respect to a set of otherinformation for the set of access points. Using the weighting, the firstaccess point of the set of access points may be selected. Inembodiments, determining to establish a connection utilizing a firstaccess point of the set of access points may include computing, by thecomputing device using the set of beacon frame transmission data for theset of access points, a set of expected network quality scores for theset of access points. Based on the set of expected quality scores forthe set of access points, the first access point of the set of accesspoints may be selected.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to establishing, by the computingdevice, the connection utilizing the first access point. In embodiments,the set of access points may include a set of wireless local areanetworks (WLANs) based on the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, and a set of access point statusinformation may be stored in a Contention Free (CF) Parameter Set. Inembodiments, the access point selection may be used in a stadiumenvironment. Altogether, aspects of the disclosure can have performanceor efficiency benefits (e.g., data communication reliability, speed,flexibility, responsiveness, stability, high availability,productivity). Aspects may save resources such as network bandwidth,time, processing, or memory.

Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 depicts a high-level block diagram ofa computer system for implementing various embodiments of the presentdisclosure, according to embodiments. The mechanisms and apparatus ofthe various embodiments disclosed herein apply equally to anyappropriate computing system. The major components of the computersystem 100 include one or more processors 102, a memory 104, a terminalinterface 112, a storage interface 114, an I/O (Input/Output) deviceinterface 116, and a network interface 118, all of which arecommunicatively coupled, directly or indirectly, for inter-componentcommunication via a memory bus 106, an I/O bus 108, bus interface unit109, and an I/O bus interface unit 110.

The computer system 100 may contain one or more general-purposeprogrammable central processing units (CPUs) 102A and 102B, hereingenerically referred to as the processor 102. In embodiments, thecomputer system 100 may contain multiple processors; however, in certainembodiments, the computer system 100 may alternatively be a single CPUsystem. Each processor 102 executes instructions stored in the memory104 and may include one or more levels of on-board cache.

In embodiments, the memory 104 may include a random-access semiconductormemory, storage device, or storage medium (either volatile ornon-volatile) for storing or encoding data and programs. In certainembodiments, the memory 104 represents the entire virtual memory of thecomputer system 100, and may also include the virtual memory of othercomputer systems coupled to the computer system 100 or connected via anetwork. The memory 104 can be conceptually viewed as a singlemonolithic entity, but in other embodiments the memory 104 is a morecomplex arrangement, such as a hierarchy of caches and other memorydevices. For example, memory may exist in multiple levels of caches, andthese caches may be further divided by function, so that one cache holdsinstructions while another holds non-instruction data, which is used bythe processor or processors. Memory may be further distributed andassociated with different CPUs or sets of CPUs, as is known in any ofvarious so-called non-uniform memory access (NUMA) computerarchitectures.

The memory 104 may store all or a portion of the various programs,modules and data structures for processing data transfers as discussedherein. For instance, the memory 104 can store an access point selectionapplication 150. In embodiments, the access point selection application150 may include instructions or statements that execute on the processor102 or instructions or statements that are interpreted by instructionsor statements that execute on the processor 102 to carry out thefunctions as further described below. In certain embodiments, the accesspoint selection application 150 is implemented in hardware viasemiconductor devices, chips, logical gates, circuits, circuit cards,and/or other physical hardware devices in lieu of, or in addition to, aprocessor-based system. In embodiments, the access point selectionapplication 150 may include data in addition to instructions orstatements.

The computer system 100 may include a bus interface unit 109 to handlecommunications among the processor 102, the memory 104, a display system124, and the I/O bus interface unit 110. The I/O bus interface unit 110may be coupled with the I/O bus 108 for transferring data to and fromthe various I/O units. The I/O bus interface unit 110 communicates withmultiple I/O interface units 112, 114, 116, and 118, which are alsoknown as I/O processors (IOPs) or I/O adapters (IOAs), through the I/Obus 108. The display system 124 may include a display controller, adisplay memory, or both. The display controller may provide video,audio, or both types of data to a display device 126. The display memorymay be a dedicated memory for buffering video data. The display system124 may be coupled with a display device 126, such as a standalonedisplay screen, computer monitor, television, or a tablet or handhelddevice display. In one embodiment, the display device 126 may includeone or more speakers for rendering audio. Alternatively, one or morespeakers for rendering audio may be coupled with an I/O interface unit.In alternate embodiments, one or more of the functions provided by thedisplay system 124 may be on board an integrated circuit that alsoincludes the processor 102. In addition, one or more of the functionsprovided by the bus interface unit 109 may be on board an integratedcircuit that also includes the processor 102.

The I/O interface units support communication with a variety of storageand I/O devices. For example, the terminal interface unit 112 supportsthe attachment of one or more user I/O devices 120, which may includeuser output devices (such as a video display device, speaker, and/ortelevision set) and user input devices (such as a keyboard, mouse,keypad, touchpad, trackball, buttons, light pen, or other pointingdevice). A user may manipulate the user input devices using a userinterface, in order to provide input data and commands to the user I/Odevice 120 and the computer system 100, and may receive output data viathe user output devices. For example, a user interface may be presentedvia the user I/O device 120, such as displayed on a display device,played via a speaker, or printed via a printer.

The storage interface 114 supports the attachment of one or more diskdrives or direct access storage devices 122 (which are typicallyrotating magnetic disk drive storage devices, although they couldalternatively be other storage devices, including arrays of disk drivesconfigured to appear as a single large storage device to a hostcomputer, or solid-state drives, such as flash memory). In someembodiments, the storage device 122 may be implemented via any type ofsecondary storage device. The contents of the memory 104, or any portionthereof, may be stored to and retrieved from the storage device 122 asneeded. The I/O device interface 116 provides an interface to any ofvarious other I/O devices or devices of other types, such as printers orfax machines. The network interface 118 provides one or morecommunication paths from the computer system 100 to other digitaldevices and computer systems; these communication paths may include,e.g., one or more networks 130.

Although the computer system 100 shown in FIG. 1B illustrates aparticular bus structure providing a direct communication path among theprocessors 102, the memory 104, the bus interface 109, the displaysystem 124, and the I/O bus interface unit 110, in alternativeembodiments the computer system 100 may include different buses orcommunication paths, which may be arranged in any of various forms, suchas point-to-point links in hierarchical, star or web configurations,multiple hierarchical buses, parallel and redundant paths, or any otherappropriate type of configuration. Furthermore, while the I/O businterface unit 110 and the I/O bus 108 are shown as single respectiveunits, the computer system 100 may, in fact, contain multiple I/O businterface units 110 and/or multiple I/O buses 108. While multiple I/Ointerface units are shown, which separate the I/O bus 108 from variouscommunications paths running to the various I/O devices, in otherembodiments, some or all of the I/O devices are connected directly toone or more system I/O buses.

In various embodiments, the computer system 100 is a multi-usermainframe computer system, a single-user system, or a server computer orsimilar device that has little or no direct user interface, but receivesrequests from other computer systems (clients). In other embodiments,the computer system 100 may be implemented as a desktop computer,portable computer, laptop or notebook computer, tablet computer, pocketcomputer, telephone, smart phone, or any other suitable type ofelectronic device.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method 200 for access pointselection, according to embodiments. Aspects of FIG. 2 relate to using aset of beacon frame transmission data for a set of access points tofacilitate data communication between an access point and a computingdevice. Generally, an access point may include a networking hardwaredevice that allows a computing device to connect to a network. Thecomputing device may include mobile devices such as smartphones,tablets, smartwatches, laptop computers, stationary devices such asdesktop computers, or servers, or other hardware devices that includenetwork functionality. For instance, a smartphone connecting to awireless network in a coffee shop may be one example of a connectionbetween an access point and a computing device. The method 200 mayinclude a collecting block 220, a determining block 250, an establishingblock 270, and a number of other blocks for implementing aspects ofaccess point selection management. The method 200 may begin at block201. Leveraging beacon frame data and other access point information mayfacilitate data communication between computing devices and accesspoints.

In embodiments, the collecting, the determining, the establishing, andother steps described herein may each occur in an automated fashionwithout user intervention at block 204. In embodiments, the collecting,the determining, the establishing, and other steps described herein maybe carried out by an internal access point management module maintainedin a persistent storage device of a computing device (e.g., computingdevice connecting to an access point). In certain embodiments, thecollecting, the determining, the establishing, and other steps describedherein may be carried out by an external access point management modulehosted by a remote computing device (e.g., centralized access pointmanagement system) or server (e.g., accessible via a subscription,usage-based, or other service model). In this way, aspects of accesspoint selection management may be performed using automated computingmachinery without manual action. Other methods of performing the stepsdescribed herein are also possible.

In embodiments, the computing device may include a mobile computingdevice at block 206. The mobile computing device may initiate accesspoint selection in response to a triggering event. Generally, asdescribed herein, the computing device may include a mobile device suchas a tablet, laptop computer, smartphone, smartwatch, personal digitalassistant, or the like. In embodiments, the mobile computing device maybe configured to initiate access point selection in response to atriggering event. Generally, the triggering event can include acriteria, threshold, stipulation, condition, or requirement that, onceachieved, causes another event (e.g., access point selection) to occur.In embodiments, the triggering event may include detection (e.g., by thecomputing device) of one or more available access points (e.g., inresponse to the access points coming into range, computing devicepowering on). In embodiments, the triggering event may include adetection that the data rate/bandwidth provided by a currently connectednetwork is below a threshold level for a specified temporal period(e.g., data rate below 4 megabits per second for a 5 minute period).Other examples of the triggering event may include determination that anaccess point has become unresponsive, connection duration to the sameaccess point for a particular temporal period (e.g., an hour), or anelapsed temporal period (e.g., period access point selection every 30minutes, every hour, 3 hours). In certain embodiments, the triggeringevent can include when the user initially starts to choose an accesspoint. Other types of computing device and access point selectiontriggering event are also possible.

In embodiments, the computing device may include an access pointcontroller at block 208. The access point controller may be configuredto manage network traffic with respect to the set of access points.Aspects of the disclosure relate to the recognition that in certainsituations (e.g., environments with a large number of mobile devices andaccess points), it may be desirable to utilize an access pointcontroller to manage and streamline data communication between accesspoints and mobile devices. Generally, the access point controller mayinclude a central computing unit configured to govern (e.g., distribute,monitor, route, redirect) connections between particular access pointsand mobile computing devices. Consider, for example, a hotel environmenthaving multiple access points and a number of mobile devices. In such anenvironment, the computing device may function as an access pointcontroller that maintains connections with each access point of thehotel in order to regulate which mobile devices may connect to whichaccess points. As an example, a mobile device that attempts to connectto a first access point may be redirected to a second access point(e.g., that has a higher frame transmission success rate). Utilizationof an access point controller to manage network connections betweenaccess points and mobile devices may be associated with performance andefficiency benefits including network connection quality. Other types ofcomputing devices and access point controllers are also possible.

At block 220, a set of beacon frame transmission data for a set ofaccess points may be collected. The set of beacon frame transmissiondata may be collected by a computing device. Generally, collecting caninclude receiving, gathering, aggregating, acquiring, obtaining, orotherwise accepting delivery of the set of beacon frame transmissiondata for the set of access points. In embodiments, access points may beconfigured to periodically (e.g., every 100 Time Units) broadcast a setof beacon frame transmission data including information about the natureof the access point. The set of beacon frame transmission data may alertcomputing devices as to the presence of an access point, as well asinclude timestamp information, network capability data (e.g., networkinfrastructure, encryption details, security protocols, networkbandwidth), service set identification (SSID), supported rates, andother network parameters (e.g., frequency-hopping parameter set,direct-sequence parameter set, contention-free parameter set). Aspectsof the disclosure relate to the recognition that, in certainembodiments, making use of the set of beacon frame transmission data mayfacilitate data communication between access points and computingdevices. Accordingly, in embodiments, computing devices may beconfigured to collect the set of beacon frame transmission data for aset of access points for use in access point selection. In embodiments,collecting the set of beacon frame transmission data may includecapturing and maintaining (e.g., in temporary storage) the set of beaconframe transmission data for a number of available access points. Othermethods of collecting the set of beacon frame transmission data are alsopossible.

Consider the following example. A computing device such as a tablet maybe used in a coffee shop environment having a number of available accesspoints. As described herein, the computing device may be configured tocollect a set of beacon frame transmission data for a set of accesspoints of the coffee shop. In embodiments, the computing device maycapture a first set of beacon frame transmission data for a first accesspoint and a second set of beacon frame transmission data for a secondaccess point. The computing device may maintain the captured beaconframe transmission data in a beacon frame management database, andrecord information such as the time each beacon frame was received, thebeacon interval (e.g., time interval between successive beacon frames),the total number of beacon frames transmitted by a particular accesspoint in a given time period (e.g., 600 frames in a minute), and thenumber of beacon frames received by the computing device. As describedherein, the set of beacon frame transmission data may be used tofacilitate access point selection. Other methods of collecting the setof beacon frame transmission data are also possible.

In embodiments, a first subset of the set of beacon frame transmissiondata for the first access point of the set of access points may indicatea first frame rate for the first access point at block 222. Aspects ofthe disclosure relate to the recognition that, in some situations, notall of the beacon frames transmitted by access points successfully reachreceiving computing devices. For instance, distance, weather (e.g., fog,lightning, thunder, rain, sleet, snow, ice, humidity), obstacles,wireless interference, radio signals, and other factors may result inbeacon frames loss such that only a portion of the originallytransmitted beacon frames are received. Accordingly, in embodiments,aspects of the disclosure relate to making use of a set of beacon frametransmission data having a first frame rate (e.g., frame acceptancerate, frame loss rate) to facilitate access point selection. Generally,the first frame rate may include an indication of the ratio orproportion of beacon frames successfully received by a computing devicewith respect to the total number of beacon frames transmitted by anaccess point. In embodiments, the first frame rate may be expressed as aratio, decimal, percentage, or the like. As an example, in a situationin which a first access point transmitted a total of 600 frames in aminute-long period (e.g., 10 frames per second) and a computing devicereceived 450 frames, the frame rate for the first access point may becalculated to be 75%. Other methods of determining and utilization theframe rate for an access point are also possible.

In embodiments, a first subset of the set of beacon frame transmissiondata for a first access point may be evaluated with respect to a secondsubset of the set of beacon frame transmission data for a second accesspoint at block 224. Generally, evaluating can include examining,assessing, inspecting, appraising, or otherwise analyzing the firstsubset of the set of beacon frame transmission data with respect to thesecond subset of the set of beacon frame transmission data. Aspects ofthe disclosure relate to the recognition that, in certain situations,multiple access points may be available to a computing device.Accordingly, in such situations, the set of beacon frame transmissiondata may be used to assess the available access points and determine oneor more for connection with the computing device. In embodiments,evaluating may include comparing one or more attributes orcharacteristics (e.g., available network bandwidth, network signal,number of connected devices, frame rate) of the first access point withcorresponding characteristics of the second access point in order todetermine an access point associated with positive impacts (e.g.,network speed, quality) for the computing device. For instance,evaluating may include comparing the available network bandwidth of thefirst access point with the available network bandwidth of the secondaccess point (e.g., as indicated by the set of beacon frame transmissiondata). As an example, in certain embodiments, the first access point mayhave an available bandwidth of 14 megabits per second, and the secondaccess point may have an available bandwidth of 11 megabits per second.Based on the evaluating, it may be determined to establish a connectionutilizing the first access point of the set of access points at block226. In embodiments, determining may include ascertaining which of theevaluated access points will provide a superior (e.g., faster, morereliable, easier-to-use) connection for the computing device. Forinstance, with reference to the example above, determining may includeselecting to utilize the first access point of the set of access pointsto establish the connection with the computing device (e.g., moreavailable network bandwidth may be associated with faster connectivity).Other methods of evaluating the set of access points and determining anaccess point for connection are also possible.

At block 250, it may be determined to establish a connection utilizing afirst access point of the set of access points. Determining to establishthe connection utilizing the first access point may be performed by thecomputing device using the set of beacon frame transmission data for theset of access points. Generally, determining can include choosing,deciding, resolving, or ascertaining to establishing a connectionutilizing a first access point of the set of access points. As describedherein, aspects of the disclosure relate to selecting an access pointfor connection with a computing device based on a collected set ofbeacon frame transmission data for a set of access points. Inembodiments, determining may include examining the set of beacon frametransmission data for a number of access points, and identifying anaccess point that is expected to be associated with speed, reliability,and security with respect to the computing device. In embodiments,determining may include ascertaining an access point that has a framerate above a threshold value (e.g., 70% or more of the total number oftransmitted beacon frames are successfully received by the computingdevice), a resultant bandwidth value above a threshold level (e.g.,access point that has 10 or more megabits per second available for useby the computing device), or a number of users below a specified value(e.g., access point that has less than 30 other connected devices) asindicated by the set of beacon frame transmission data. The selectedaccess point(s) may be ascertained for use in establishing a connectionwith the computing device. Other methods of determining to establish aconnection with an access point using the set of beacon frametransmission data are also possible.

Consider the following example. In embodiments, determining to establisha connection with an access point using the set of beacon frametransmission data may include comparing the set of beacon frametransmission data for a set of access points with a set of networkpriority parameters. The set of network priority parameters may includea predetermined list of ranked characteristics that define a user'spreferences with respect to access point selection. For instance, theset of network priority parameters may indicate that a user of thecomputing device prioritizes security over speed, reliability overbandwidth, or the like. The set of network priority parameters may bedetermined based on user input (e.g., defined by a user of the computingdevice) or automatically determined based on the needs and requirementsof applications active on the computing device. Accordingly, the set ofbeacon frame transmission data may be evaluated using the set of networkpriority parameters to identify an access point that achieves thespecified criterion. As an example, for a set of network priorityparameters that rank security over network reliability, an access pointthat is associated with a high encryption level may be prioritized forconnection with a computing device over an access point with highernetwork signal but lower encryption protocols. Other methods ofdetermining to establish a connection with an access point using the setof beacon frame transmission data are also possible.

In embodiments, the set of beacon frame transmission data for the set ofaccess points may be analyzed at block 252. The set of beacon frametransmission data for the set of access points may be analyzed inadvance of establishing the connection. Generally, analyzing can includeevaluating the content of the set of beacon frame transmission data todetermine one or more properties, attributes, or characteristics (e.g.,number of users, frame rate, available bandwidth) of the access pointthat transmitted the set of beacon frame transmission data. Analyzingcan include examining (e.g., performing an inspection of the set ofbeacon frame transmission data), evaluating (e.g., generating anappraisal of the set of beacon frame transmission data), resolving(e.g., ascertaining an observation/conclusion/answer with respect to theset of beacon frame transmission data), parsing (e.g., decipheringstructured and unstructured data constructs of the set of beacon frametransmission data), querying (e.g., asking a question regarding the setof beacon frame transmission data) or categorizing (e.g., organizing bya feature or element of the set of beacon frame transmission data). Dataanalysis may include a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, ormodeling data to discover useful information, suggest conclusions, orsupport decisions. Data analysis can extract information/patterns from adata set and transform/translate it into an understandable structure forfurther use. As an example, analyzing may include utilizing thetimestamps for a set of beacon frames to calculate the frame rate (e.g.,beacon interval, frame acceptance rate) for a particular access point.Other methods of analyzing the set of beacon frame transmission data arealso possible.

At block 270, the connection utilizing the first access point may beestablished. The connection using the first access point may beestablished by the computing device. Generally, establishing can includeinstantiating, authorizing, configuring, or otherwise setting up theconnection between the computing device and the first access point. Inembodiments, establishing the connection may include communicativelylinking the computing device to the first access point. For instance, inembodiments, establishing the connection may include configuring theinput and output network traffic ports and communication protocols ofboth the computing device and the first access point to allow forbilateral communication between the first access point and the computingdevice. The internet protocol (IP) address of the computing device maybe registered in a list of authorized devices maintained by the firstaccess point. In embodiments, establishing the connection may includedesignating the SSID corresponding to the first access point as atrusted network connection of the computing device. Other methods ofestablishing the connection between the first access point and thecomputing device are also possible.

Consider the following example. A computing device may collect a set ofbeacon frame transmission data for a number of available access points.As described herein, the set of beacon frame transmission data mayinclude information regarding the beacon frame transmission frequency,beacon frame interval, number of connected devices, total/availablenetwork bandwidth, and the like. In embodiments, the computing devicemay be configured to holistically evaluate the set of beacon frametransmission data with respect to a set of network evaluation criteria.The set of network evaluation criteria may define specifications,requirements, standards, or normative levels for different aspects ofnetwork access points. The set of network evaluation criteria may beused to assign ratings to different aspects of the available accesspoints. For instance, a particular access point may be assigned ratingsof “average” with respect to beacon frame transmission frequency,”“below average” with respect to the total number of connected devices,and “above average” with respect to available network bandwidth. Inembodiments, as described herein, the computing device may leverage aset of user-defined network priority parameters to compare with theassigned ratings for each access point. Based on the comparison of thenetwork priority parameters and the assigned ratings for the set ofavailable access points, one or more networks may be determined forconnection with the computing device. Other methods of determining andestablishing the connection between the computing device and an accesspoint are also possible.

Method 200 concludes at block 299. Aspects of method 200 may provideperformance or efficiency benefits for access point selection. Forexample, aspects of method 200 may have positive impacts with respect todetermining and establishing a connection with an access point based ona set of beacon frame transmission data. As described herein, thecollecting, the determining, the establishing, and other steps describedherein may each occur in an automated fashion without user intervention.Altogether, leveraging beacon frame data and other information mayfacilitate data communication between computing devices and accesspoints.

FIG. 3 shows an example system 300 for access point selection, accordingto embodiments. Aspects of FIG. 3 relate to using a set of beacon frametransmission data for a set of access points to facilitate datacommunication between an access point and a computing device. Theexample system 300 may include a processor 306 and a memory 308 tofacilitate implementation of access point selection techniques. Inembodiments, the example system 300 may include an access point 302. Asdescribed herein, the access point 302 may include a networking hardwaredevice that allows a computing device to connect to a network. Theexample system 300 may include an access point selection system 310. Theaccess point selection system 310 may be communicatively connected tothe access point 302, and be configured to receive data 304 (e.g., a setof beacon frame transmission data) that may be used for access pointselection. The access point selection system 310 may include acollecting module 315 to collect a set of beacon frame transmission datafor a set of access points, a determining module 320 configured todetermine to establish a connection with an access point using the setof beacon frame transmission data, and an establishing module 325 toestablish the connection. In embodiments, the collecting, determining,and establishing may each be performed in a dynamic fashion (e.g.,ongoing, in real-time, on-the-fly) by the access point selection system310 to streamline access point selection. The access point selectionsystem 310 may be communicatively connected with a first modulemanagement system 340 and a second module management system 350 thateach include one or more modules for implementing aspects of accesspoint selection management.

In embodiments, a first factor derived utilizing a first frame rate fora first access point may be compared with respect to a second factorderived utilizing a second frame rate for a second access point atmodule 341. Generally, comparing can include contrasting, juxtaposing,evaluating, assessing, or otherwise examining the first factor withrespect to the second factor. As described herein, aspects of thedisclosure relate to the recognition that the frame rate (e.g., frameloss rate, frame acceptance rate) of an access point may provide anindication of the speed, quality, reliability, or security of aparticular access point. Accordingly, aspects of the disclosure relateto making use of a factor derived from the frame rate of one or moreaccess points to determine a connection for a computing device. Theframe rate derived factor may include a frame rate frequency (e.g.,number of frames received in a given time period), beacon frame interval(e.g., time between consecutive frames), frame success rate (e.g.,number of frames received by a device with respect to the total numberof transmitted frames) signal strength factor (e.g., measure of thereception of the signal of an access point), active device count (e.g.,number of devices connected to an access point), bandwidth factor (e.g.,total/available network bandwidth available for devices) or othercharacteristic ascertained from the frame rate or set of beacon frametransmission data. In embodiments, a first factor derived from the framerate of a first access point may be compared with a second factorderived from the frame rate of a second access point. As an example, acalculated frame success rate of 52% for a first access point may becontrasted with a calculated frame success rate of 39% for a secondaccess point. Other methods of comparing and utilizing the frame ratederived factors are also possible.

In embodiments, it may be determined to establish a connection with anaccess point based on the comparing of the first and second factors atmodule 342. Generally, determining can include choosing, deciding,resolving, or ascertaining to establish a connection utilizing a firstaccess point of the set of access points. As described herein,determining to establish a connection may be based on a comparison ofthe first and second frame rate derived factors. For instance,determining may include evaluating the results of the comparison betweenthe first and second frame rate derived factors, and identifying anaccess point that is associated with positive impacts (e.g., speed,reliability, security) with respect to the computing device. Forinstance, with reference to the example above, in response to comparingthe frame rate success rate of 52% for the first access point with theframe rate success rate of 39% for the second access point, it may bedetermined to utilize the first access point to establish the connectionwith the computing device (e.g., greater frame success rates may beassociated with faster data communication). Other methods of determiningto establish a connection with an access point are also possible.

In embodiments, the set of beacon frame transmission data for the set ofaccess points may be weighted at module 343. The set of beacon frametransmission data for the set of access points may be weighted withrespect to a set of other information for the set of access points.Generally, weighting can include prioritizing, emphasizing, biasing,accentuating, or otherwise assigning greater priority or preference tothe set of beacon frame transmission data with respect to the set ofother information. Aspects of the disclosure relate to the recognitionthat, in certain situations, different network characteristics may bemore important or useful than others when determining an access pointfor connection with the computing device. Accordingly, one or moreaspects of the set of beacon frame transmission data may be weighted inrelation to other data (e.g., signal strength, number of users) for theaccess point. In embodiments, weighting may include assigning aweighting value to one or more elements of the set of beacon frametransmission data to indicate that the weighted element should beprioritized over lesser weighted elements when selecting an accesspoint. As an example, in a situation in which a computing devicerequires a secure connection to transmit a sensitive file, networksecurity and encryption level may be weighted more heavily than otheraspects such as network signal strength, bandwidth, or the like. Basedon the weighting, an access point of the set of access points may beselected to establish a connection with the computing device. Forinstance, selecting may include identifying an access point thatachieves a specified threshold with respect to the weighted element(e.g., encryption above a certain level). Other methods of weighting theset of beacon frame transmission data and selecting an access point arealso possible.

In embodiments, a set of expected network quality scores for the set ofaccess points may be computed at module 344. The set of expected networkquality scores may be computed by the computing device using the set ofbeacon frame transmission data for the set of access points. Generally,computing can include calculating, generating, formulating, or otherwisederiving the set of expected network quality scores. In embodiments,aspects of the disclosure relate to using the set of beacon frametransmission data to evaluate a set of access points and assign anexpected network quality score to represent the nature of the set ofaccess points. The expected network quality score may include aquantitative indication of the speed, reliability, security, ease ofuse, or overall state or condition of an access point. In embodiments,computing the set of expected network quality scores may include using aset of network evaluation criteria that define specifications,requirements, standards or normative levels for different aspects of theset of access points. The set of access points may be scored withrespect to a number of different categories (e.g., frame success rate,available bandwidth, number of active devices), and the individualresults may be used to compute a composite or aggregate network qualityscore. For instance, an access point may be evaluated using the set ofnetwork evaluation criteria, and receive individual quality scores of 73for frame success rate, 56 for available bandwidth, and 41 for thenumber of active devices. The individual scores may be used to calculatea composite expected network quality score of 56.7. Based on the set ofexpected network quality scores for the set of access points, an accesspoint may be selected for establishing a connection with a computingdevice. In embodiments, selecting the access point may include comparingthe expected network quality scores for each access point of the set ofaccess points, and identifying the access point that has an expectednetwork quality score above a threshold level (e.g., the highest) forconnection with the computing device. Other methods of calculating andusing the set of expected network quality scores for the set of accesspoints are also possible.

In embodiments, a set of beacon frames from the set of access points maybe monitored at module 345. The set of beacon frames may be monitored bythe computing device (e.g., using a computer based sensor). Generally,monitoring can include scanning, observing, auditing, supervising, orsurveying for the set of beacon frames. Monitoring may include querying(e.g., asking a question), searching (e.g., exploring for a reason),obtaining (e.g., recording a collection), probing (e.g., checking aproperty), scanning (e.g., reviewing a sample), or tracking (e.g.,following a characteristic). In embodiments, monitoring may includeperforming a scan of available access points to ascertain whether a setof beacon frames are being transmitted. In embodiments, a set of beaconframes may be detected at module 346. Generally, detecting can includerecognizing, discovering, sensing, distinguishing, or identifying theset of beacon frames. In embodiments, a first set of beacon frames maybe detected for a first access point, and a second set of beacon framesmay be detected for a second access point. As described herein, thefirst and second set of beacon frames may each include information suchas the number of active devices, total/available network bandwidth,signal strength, frame rate, and other information for the correspondingaccess point.

In embodiments, a subset of the set of beacon frame transmission datamay be collected at module 347. Generally, collecting can includereceiving, gathering, aggregating, acquiring, obtaining, or otherwiseaccepting delivery of the subset of the set of beacon frame transmissiondata. In embodiments, collecting may include capturing a first subset ofthe set of beacon frame transmission data for the first access point anda second subset of the set of beacon frame transmission data for thesecond access point. Aspects of the disclosure relate to the recognitionthat, in some situations, not all of the beacon frames transmitted byaccess points successfully reach receiving computing devices (e.g., dueto distance, obstacles, wireless interference). Accordingly, the numberof beacon frames received from an access point may vary based on thedistance between the computing device and the access point, signalstrength, beacon frame transmission frequency, and other factors. Inembodiments, collecting may include capturing and maintaining (e.g., intemporary storage) the subsets of beacon frame transmission data for anumber of available access points (e.g., first subset for a first accesspoint and second subset for a second access point). In embodiments, thefirst and second subsets of beacon frame transmission data may becollected concurrently or simultaneously. Other methods of collectingsubsets of the beacon frame transmission data are also possible.

In embodiments, a frame success rate for an access point may becalculated at module 351. A first frame success rate for a first accesspoint may be calculated using a first subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data, and a second frame success rate for a second accesspoint may be calculated using a second subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data. Generally, calculating can include computing,formulating, resolving, or otherwise ascertaining the first framesuccess rate and the second frame success rate. As described herein,aspects of the disclosure relate to the recognition that differentaccess points may be associated with different frame success rates(e.g., the rate or proportion of beacon frames that reach a computingdevice). Accordingly, calculating frame success rates for differentaccess points may facilitate access point selection (e.g., connecting toaccess points with higher frame success rates may be associated withhigher network quality). In embodiments, the frame success rate may becalculated by dividing the number of beacon frames received by acomputing device by the total number of frames transmitted by the accesspoint in the same time period. As an example, in a situation where afirst access point sent out 400 frames in one minute period and 280 werereceived by a computing device, a first frame success rate of 70% may becalculated for the first access point. As another example, in asituation where a second access point sent out 700 frames in a minuteand 560 were received by a computing device, a second frame success rateof 80% may be calculated for the second access point. Other methods ofcalculating the frame success rate for an access point are alsopossible.

In embodiments, a connection score may be resolved for an access pointusing the frame success rate and a set of other information for anaccess point at module 352. Generally, resolving can include generating,calculating, deriving, formulating, computing, or determining theconnection score based on the frame success rate and the set of otherinformation. As described herein, aspects of the disclosure relate tothe recognition that the frame success rate and other information (e.g.,number of connected devices, bandwidth information, distance) may beused to determine an evaluation or assessment of an access point. Inembodiments, the connection score may be an indication of the overallresponsiveness, effectiveness, or usefulness of a particular accesspoint. The connection score may be expressed as an integer (e.g., 7, 8),percentage (e.g., 91%), letter grade (e.g., A, B), star rating (e.g., 3stars, 5 stars) or other quantitative representation of the connectivityof an access point. In embodiments, resolving may include using analgorithmic technique to incorporate the frame success rate and otherinformation along with associated weighting values to calculate theconnection score. Generally, those access points associated with highframe success rates, low latency, low number of connected devices,strong signal, and higher levels of available bandwidth may beassociated with higher connection scores. Based on the set of connectionscores for the set of access points, an access point may be selected forestablishing a connection with a computing device. In embodiments,selecting the access point may include comparing the connection scoresfor each access point of the set of access points, and identifying theaccess point that has a connection score above a threshold level (e.g.,the highest) for connection with the computing device. Other methods forresolving and using connection scores for the set of access points arealso possible.

In embodiments, the set of other information may include a set ofbandwidth information for an access point at module 353. The set ofbandwidth information may include data regarding the total amount ofbandwidth managed by an access point (e.g., 800 gigabits per second),the amount of bandwidth available for use or allocation to a computingdevice (e.g., 20 megabits per second), the average amount of bandwidthused by a single computing device, historical bandwidth usage data(e.g., peak usage times, low usage times), as well as other networkbandwidth statistics for an access point. In embodiments, the set ofother information may include a device count for an access point atmodule 354. The device count may include an indication of the number ofother computing devices currently connected to a particular accesspoint. The device count may indicate the average number of connecteddevices, device connection rate fluctuations (e.g., trending increase of1 device every 45 minutes), or average device usage statistics (e.g.,length of time devices remain connected, amount of bandwidth used bydevices). In embodiments, the set of other information may include adistance at module 355. The distance may indicate the separationinterval between the computing device and an access point, the rangecovered by the access point, the average distance between computingdevices and the access point, an estimated distance, or other statisticsfor the access point. Other types of information may also be included inthe set of other information.

FIG. 4 shows a beacon frame structure 400 for storage of a set of beaconframe transmission data, according to embodiments. Aspects of FIG. 4relate to leveraging available space of beacon frame structure forstorage of data related to access point selection. In embodiments,aspects of the disclosure relate to the recognition that the beaconframe structure for beacon frames configured according to the Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 wirelessstandards may include an 8-byte long Contention-Free (CF) Parameter Set420 that may be unoccupied by other frame data. Aspects of thedisclosure, in embodiments, relate to storing a set of access pointstatus information in the CF Parameter Set 420. The set of access pointstatus information may include data pertaining to the bandwidth of theaccess point, the number of active devices supported by the accesspoint, frame success rate, frame frequency rate, beacon interval, orother information. As an example, in certain embodiments, data thatindicates the maximum bandwidth of the access point (e.g., occupying 2bytes), the number of connected devices (e.g., occupying 1 byte), andthe beacon interval of the access point (e.g., occupying 1 byte) may bestored in the CF parameter set 420. Other methods of storing the set ofaccess point status information, as well as other types of access pointstatus information are also possible.

FIG. 5 shows an example environment 500 for frame success ratecalculation, according to embodiments. Aspects of FIG. 5 relate to usinga set of beacon frames 520 to compute a frame success rate for an accesspoint 510. As shown in FIG. 5, a computing device 530 (e.g., mobilecomputing device such as a smart phone, tablet, laptop computer) maydiscover an available access point 510. As described herein, thecomputing device 530 may be configured to monitor for and collect a setof beacon frames 520 that are transmitted by the access point 510. Inembodiments, the computing device 530 may use the set of beacon frames520 to compute a frame success rate for the access point. The framesuccess rate may include an indication of the ratio or proportion ofbeacon frames successfully received by the computing device 530 withrespect to the total number of beacon frames transmitted by the accesspoint 510 in a given time period. In embodiments, the frame success ratemay be calculated by dividing the number of beacon frames received bythe computing device 530 by the total number of frames transmittedduring the same time period by the access point 510. For example, asshown in FIG. 5, the access point 510 may transmit a set of beaconframes 520 including a total of 7 frames in a given time period. Of the7 total frames, the computing device 530 may receive 4 beacon frames(e.g., other beacon frames were lost due to interference, obstacles,distance). Accordingly, a frame success rate of 57.1% may be calculatedfor the access point 510. The calculated frame success rate may be usedtogether with other information for the access point (e.g., availablebandwidth, number of active devices) to facilitate access pointselection for a computing device 530. Other methods of calculating theframe success rate are also possible.

FIG. 6 shows an example environment 600 for access point selection,according to embodiments. Aspects of FIG. 6 relate to using a set ofbeacon frame transmission data for a set of access points to facilitateaccess point selection for a computing device. In embodiments, the setof beacon frame transmission data for multiple available access pointsmay be compared to select an access point associated with speed,responsiveness, reliability or security for a computing device. As shownin FIG. 6, an example environment 600 may include a first access point610 and a second access point 620. In embodiments, the exampleenvironment 600 may include a stadium environment. As examples, theexample environment 600 may include a sporting event arena, concertvenue, public park, amphitheater, or other indoor or outdoor area. Inembodiments, a computing device 630 may discover the first access point610 and the second access point 620. The computing device 630 maycollect a first set of beacon frame transmission data for the firstaccess point 610 and a second set of beacon frame transmission data forthe second access point 620.

As described herein, the sets of beacon frame transmission data mayinclude information regarding the status or characteristics of thecorresponding access point. For instance, the first set of beacon frametransmission data may indicate that the first access point 610 canprovide up to 100 megabits per second of bandwidth with a medium signallevel, and has 10 connected devices. In embodiments, the computingdevice 630 may use the first set of beacon frame transmission data tocalculate a frame success rate of 80% for the first access point 610.The second set of beacon frame transmission data may indicate that thesecond access point 620 can provide up to 200 megabits per second ofbandwidth with a high signal level and 100 connected devices. Thecomputing device 630 may use the second set of beacon frame transmissiondata to calculate a frame success rate of 70% for the second accesspoint 620. In embodiments, the computing device 630 may make use of thebandwidth data, device count, and frame success rate to calculate thenet amount of bandwidth available from each access point for use by thecomputing device 630. For instance, in embodiments, the computing device630 may divide the total amount of bandwidth for each access point bythe number of active devices, and multiply this result by the framesuccess rate calculated for that access point to derive the amount ofavailable bandwidth. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 6, the computingdevice 630 may compute an available bandwidth value of 8 megabits persecond for the first access point 610, and an available bandwidth valueof 1.4 megabits per second for the second access point 620. Accordingly,the available bandwidth values for each access point may be compared,and it may be determined that the first access point 610 is expected tobe associated with greater network quality. As such, the first accesspoint 610 may be selected to establish a connection with the computingdevice 630. Other methods of access point selection are also possible.

In addition to embodiments described above, other embodiments havingfewer operational steps, more operational steps, or differentoperational steps are contemplated. Also, some embodiments may performsome or all of the above operational steps in a different order. Themodules are listed and described illustratively according to anembodiment and are not meant to indicate necessity of a particularmodule or exclusivity of other potential modules (or functions/purposesas applied to a specific module).

In the foregoing, reference is made to various embodiments. It should beunderstood, however, that this disclosure is not limited to thespecifically described embodiments. Instead, any combination of thedescribed features and elements, whether related to differentembodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and practice thisdisclosure. Many modifications and variations may be apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spiritof the described embodiments. Furthermore, although embodiments of thisdisclosure may achieve advantages over other possible solutions or overthe prior art, whether or not a particular advantage is achieved by agiven embodiment is not limiting of this disclosure. Thus, the describedaspects, features, embodiments, and advantages are merely illustrativeand are not considered elements or limitations of the appended claimsexcept where explicitly recited in a claim(s).

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like,and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

Embodiments according to this disclosure may be provided to end-usersthrough a cloud-computing infrastructure. Cloud computing generallyrefers to the provision of scalable computing resources as a serviceover a network. More formally, cloud computing may be defined as acomputing capability that provides an abstraction between the computingresource and its underlying technical architecture (e.g., servers,storage, networks), enabling convenient, on-demand network access to ashared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidlyprovisioned and released with minimal management effort or serviceprovider interaction. Thus, cloud computing allows a user to accessvirtual computing resources (e.g., storage, data, applications, and evencomplete virtualized computing systems) in “the cloud,” without regardfor the underlying physical systems (or locations of those systems) usedto provide the computing resources.

Typically, cloud-computing resources are provided to a user on apay-per-use basis, where users are charged only for the computingresources actually used (e.g., an amount of storage space used by a useror a number of virtualized systems instantiated by the user). A user canaccess any of the resources that reside in the cloud at any time, andfrom anywhere across the Internet. In context of the present disclosure,a user may access applications or related data available in the cloud.For example, the nodes used to create a stream computing application maybe virtual machines hosted by a cloud service provider. Doing so allowsa user to access this information from any computing system attached toa network connected to the cloud (e.g., the Internet).

Embodiments of the present disclosure may also be delivered as part of aservice engagement with a client corporation, nonprofit organization,government entity, internal organizational structure, or the like. Theseembodiments may include configuring a computer system to perform, anddeploying software, hardware, and web services that implement, some orall of the methods described herein. These embodiments may also includeanalyzing the client's operations, creating recommendations responsiveto the analysis, building systems that implement portions of therecommendations, integrating the systems into existing processes andinfrastructure, metering use of the systems, allocating expenses tousers of the systems, and billing for use of the systems.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

While the foregoing is directed to exemplary embodiments, other andfurther embodiments of the invention may be devised without departingfrom the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by theclaims that follow. The descriptions of the various embodiments of thepresent disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration, butare not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodimentsdisclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spiritof the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen toexplain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application ortechnical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or toenable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdisclosed herein.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the variousembodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” areintended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. “Set of,” “group of,” “bunch of,” etc. are intendedto include one or more. It will be further understood that the terms“includes” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specifythe presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations,elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations,elements, components, and/or groups thereof. In the previous detaileddescription of exemplary embodiments of the various embodiments,reference was made to the accompanying drawings (where like numbersrepresent like elements), which form a part hereof, and in which isshown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which thevarious embodiments may be practiced. These embodiments were describedin sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice theembodiments, but other embodiments may be used and logical, mechanical,electrical, and other changes may be made without departing from thescope of the various embodiments. In the previous description, numerousspecific details were set forth to provide a thorough understanding thevarious embodiments. But, the various embodiments may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits,structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not toobscure embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for access pointselection, the method comprising: collecting, by a computing device, aset of beacon frame transmission data for a set of access points,wherein the set of beacon frame transmission data includes: a firstsubset of the set of beacon frame transmission data for the first accesspoint of the set of access points, wherein the first subset of the setof beacon frame transmission data indicates a first frame success ratefor the first access point, a second subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data for a second access point of the set of access points,wherein the second subset of the set of beacon frame transmission dataindicates a second frame success rate for the second access point, afirst number of active devices for the first access point, and a secondnumber of active devices for the second access point; comparing a firstfactor derived utilizing the first frame success rate for the firstaccess point with respect to a second factor derived utilizing thesecond frame success rate for the second access point; computing, by thecomputing device using both the first and second frame success rates andthe first and second numbers of active devices, a set of expectednetwork quality scores for the set of access points, wherein a lowernumber of active devices indicates a higher expected network qualityscore; determining, by the computing device using the set of beaconframe transmission data for the set of access points, using a comparisonof the first and second factors, and using a comparison of a firstexpected network quality score for the first access point and a secondexpected network quality score for the second access point, to establisha connection utilizing a first access point of the set of access points;and establishing, by the computing device, the connection utilizing thefirst access point.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:evaluating, by the computing device, a first network capability data forthe first access point of the set of access points with respect to asecond network capability data for the second access point of the set ofaccess points, wherein: the first network capability data includes: afirst network infrastructure, a first set of encryption details, and afirst set of security protocols, and the second network capability dataincludes: a second network infrastructure, a second set of encryptiondetails, and a second set of security protocols; and determining, basedon the evaluating of the first and second network capability data, toestablish the connection utilizing the first access point of the set ofaccess points.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: analyzing,in advance of establishing the connection, each of: a set of frequencyhopping parameters, a set of direct-sequence parameters, and a set ofcontention-free parameters.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereindetermining, by the computing device using the set of beacon frametransmission data for the set of access points, to establish aconnection utilizing a first access point of the set of access pointsincludes: weighting the set of beacon frame transmission data for theset of access points with respect to a set of other information for theset of access points which indicates that network security andencryption level have heavier weights than network signal strength andbandwidth; identifying, using the weighting, that the first access pointachieves a specified threshold related to encryption level; andselecting, based on the identifying and using the weighting, the firstaccess point of the set of access points.
 5. The method of claim 1,further comprising: monitoring, by the computing device, for a set ofbeacon frames from the set of access points, wherein the set of beaconframes includes a third number of active devices, a set of networkbandwidth information, and a set of signal strength information;detecting, by the computing device, a first set of beacon frames for thefirst access point, wherein the first set of beacon frames includes thefirst number of active devices for the first access point, a first setof network bandwidth information for the first access point, and a firstset of signal strength information for the first access point;detecting, by the computing device, a second set of beacon frames for asecond access point, wherein the second set of beacon frames includesthe second number of active devices for the second access point, asecond set of network bandwidth information for the second access point,and a second set of signal strength information for the second accesspoint; collecting, by the computing device to ascertain the first framesuccess rate for the first access point, the first subset of the set ofbeacon frame transmission data for the first access point, wherein thefirst subset of the set of beacon frame transmission data includes thefirst number of active devices for the first access point, the first setof network bandwidth information for the first access point, and thefirst set of signal strength information for the first access point; andcollecting, by the computing device to ascertain the second framesuccess rate for the second access point, the second subset of the setof beacon frame transmission data for the second access point, whereinthe second subset of beacon frame transmission data includes the secondnumber of active devices for the second access point, the second set ofnetwork bandwidth information for the second access point, and thesecond set of signal strength information for the second access point.6. The method of claim 1, wherein the access point selection is used ina stadium environment, further comprising: indicating, with respect tothe first subset of the set of beacon frame transmission data, a firstbandwidth amount of the first access point, a first signal level of thefirst access point, and a first number of connected devices of the firstaccess point; calculating, by a computing device using the first subsetof the set of beacon frame transmission data, the first frame successrate for the first access point; indicating, with respect to a secondsubset of the set of beacon frame transmission data, a second bandwidthamount of the second access point, a second signal level of the secondaccess point, and a second number of connected devices of the secondaccess point; calculating, by the computing device using the secondsubset of the set of beacon frame transmission data, the second framesuccess rate for the second access point; calculating, by the computingdevice using the first and second bandwidth amounts, the first andsecond number of connected devices, and the first and second framesuccess rates, a net amount of available bandwidth from the first andsecond access points; computing, by the computing device, the availablebandwidth for each of the first and second access points; comparingavailable bandwidth values for the first and second access points;determining, based on the comparing, that the first access point isexpected to be associated with greater network quality than the secondaccess point; and selecting, to establish a connection with thecomputing device, the first access point.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the computing device includes a mobile computing device, andfurther comprising: initiating, by the mobile computing device in anautomated fashion without user intervention, the access point selectionin response to a triggering event.
 8. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising: configuring the triggering event to include a detection thata data rate provided by a currently connected network is below athreshold level for a specified temporal period.
 9. The method of claim7, further comprising: configuring the triggering event to include adetection that a connection duration, by a mobile computing device to asame access point for a particular temporal period, achieves a thresholdtemporal period.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing deviceincludes an access point controller to manage network traffic withrespect to the set of access points, and further comprising:distributing, by the access point controller, the network trafficbetween particular access points and mobile computing devices;monitoring, by the access point controller, the network traffic betweenthe particular access points and the mobile computing devices; routing,by the access point controller, the network traffic between theparticular access points and the mobile computing devices; andredirecting, by the access point controller, the network traffic betweenthe particular access points and the mobile computing devices.
 11. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the set of access points includes a set ofwireless local area networks (WLANs) based on the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards, furthercomprising: storing, in a Contention-Free (CF) Parameter Set, a set ofaccess point status information which includes one or more frame successrates for one or more access points.
 12. The method of claim 1, whereinthe collecting, the determining, and the establishing each occur in adynamic fashion in real-time to streamline access point selectionon-the-fly.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the collecting, thedetermining, and the establishing each occur in an automated fashionwithout user intervention by an access point management module usingautomated computing machinery without manual action.
 14. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: configuring the first frame success rate toinclude first number of frames successfully received by a computingdevice with respect to a first total number of transmitted frames whichwere transmitted by the first access point; and configuring the secondframe success rate to include second number of frames successfullyreceived by the computing device with respect to a second total numberof transmitted frames which were transmitted by the second access point.15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: calculating, for thefirst factor, a first frame success ratio with respect to the firstframe success rate; calculating, for the second factor, a second framesuccess ratio with respect to the second frame success rate; determiningthat the first frame success ratio exceeds the second frame successratio; and selecting, in response to determining that the first framesuccess ratio exceeds the second frame success ratio, the first accesspoint.
 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising: evaluating, by thecomputing device, a first network capability data for the first accesspoint of the set of access points with respect to a second networkcapability data for the second access point of the set of access points;analyzing, in advance of establishing the connection, each of: a set offrequency hopping parameters, a set of direct-sequence parameters, and aset of contention-free parameters; weighting the set of beacon frametransmission data for the set of access points with respect to a set ofother information for the set of access points which indicates thatnetwork security and encryption level have heavier weights than networksignal strength and bandwidth; identifying, using the weighting, thatthe first access point achieves a specified threshold related toencryption level; and determining to establish the connection utilizingthe first access point of the set of access points.
 17. A system foraccess point selection, the system comprising: a memory having a set ofcomputer readable computer instructions, and a processor for executingthe set of computer readable instructions, the set of computer readableinstructions including: collecting, by a computing device, a set ofbeacon frame transmission data for a set of access points, wherein theset of beacon frame transmission data includes: a first subset of theset of beacon frame transmission data for the first access point of theset of access points, wherein the first subset of the set of beaconframe transmission data indicates a first frame success rate for thefirst access point, a second subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data for a second access point of the set of access points,wherein the second subset of the set of beacon frame transmission dataindicates a second frame success rate for the second access point, afirst number of active devices for the first access point, and a secondnumber of active devices for the second access point; comparing a firstfactor derived utilizing the first frame success rate for the firstaccess point with respect to a second factor derived utilizing thesecond frame success rate for the second access point; computing, by thecomputing device using both the first and second frame success rates andthe first and second numbers of active devices, a set of expectednetwork quality scores for the set of access points, wherein a lowernumber of active devices indicates a higher expected network qualityscore; determining, by the computing device using the set of beaconframe transmission data for the set of access points, using a comparisonof the first and second factors, and using a comparison of a firstexpected network quality score for the first access point and a secondexpected network quality score for the second access point, to establisha connection utilizing a first access point of the set of access points;and establishing, by the computing device, the connection utilizing thefirst access point.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the set ofcomputer readable instructions executable by the processor furtherinclude: indicating, with respect to the first subset of the set ofbeacon frame transmission data, a first bandwidth amount of the firstaccess point, a first signal level of the first access point, and afirst number of connected devices of the first access point;calculating, by a computing device using the first subset of the set ofbeacon frame transmission data, the first frame success rate for thefirst access point; indicating, with respect to a second subset of theset of beacon frame transmission data, a second bandwidth amount of thesecond access point, a second signal level of the second access point,and a second number of connected devices of the second access point;calculating, by the computing device using the second subset of the setof beacon frame transmission data, the second frame success rate for thesecond access point; calculating, by the computing device using thefirst and second bandwidth amounts, the first and second number ofconnected devices, and the first and second frame success rates, a netamount of available bandwidth from the first and second access points;computing, by the computing device, the available bandwidth for each ofthe first and second access points; comparing available bandwidth valuesfor the first and second access points; determining, based on thecomparing, that the first access point is expected to be associated withgreater network quality than the second access point; and selecting, toestablish a connection with the computing device, the first accesspoint.
 19. A computer program product for access point selection, thecomputer program product comprising: a computer readable storage mediumhaving program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computerreadable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the programinstructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:collect a set of beacon frame transmission data for a set of accesspoints, wherein the set of beacon frame transmission data includes: afirst subset of the set of beacon frame transmission data for the firstaccess point of the set of access points, wherein the first subset ofthe set of beacon frame transmission data indicates a first framesuccess rate for the first access point, a second subset of the set ofbeacon frame transmission data for a second access point of the set ofaccess points, wherein the second subset of the set of beacon frametransmission data indicates a second frame success rate for the secondaccess point, a first number of active devices for the first accesspoint, and a second number of active devices for the second accesspoint; compare a first factor derived utilizing the first frame successrate for the first access point with respect to a second factor derivedutilizing the second frame success rate for the second access point;compute, using both the first and second frame success rates and thefirst and second numbers of active devices, a set of expected networkquality scores for the set of access points, wherein a lower number ofactive devices indicates a higher expected network quality score;determine, using the set of beacon frame transmission data for the setof access points, using a comparison of the first and second factors,and using a comparison of a first expected network quality score for thefirst access point and a second expected network quality score for thesecond access point, to establish a connection utilizing a first accesspoint of the set of access points; and establish the connectionutilizing the first access point.
 20. The computer program product ofclaim 19, wherein at least one of: the program instructions are storedin the computer readable storage medium in a data processing system, andwherein the program instructions were downloaded over a network from aremote data processing system; or the program instructions are stored inthe computer readable storage medium in a server data processing system,and wherein the program instructions are downloaded over a network tothe remote data processing system for use in a second computer readablestorage medium with the remote data processing system.